17 “But far worse,” 18 Huang describes, “ Enigma failed to recognize the Kuos as the creators and performers of this work.” 19 Journalist Ashley Esarey made a sarcastic remark on this clear case of copyright infringement. 16 In fact, until a friend of the Kuos first recognized their voices on the radio and congratulated them, the Kuos had no idea that their singing was mixed with popular music and heard around the world.
12Although Cretu claimed that he had purchased the right to use the song from a French organization named Maison des Cultures du Monde (MCM), 13 neither MCM nor Enigma “had ever received permission from the Kuos.” 14 The Western “audience was led to believe, the music clip was sung by some” 15 aboriginal people in the tropical jungle. “Return to Innocence” stayed for thirty-two weeks in the Billboard magazine’s Top 100 chart and eventually more than six million copies of the album were sold. 9 For instance, according to the Kuos’ attorney, Huang Shiu-Lan, Esq., “the first nine seconds of the ‘Jubilant Drinking Song’ and the first nine seconds of ‘Return to Innocence’ are exactly the same.” 10In addition, over half of “Return to Innocence” includes some parts of the “Jubilant Drinking Song.” 11
#Enigma return to innocence movie#
7 In 1994, the song was incorporated in “Return to Innocence,” one of the sound tracks in the Enigma’ album named “Cross of Changes” and subsequently appeared in “numerous compilation albums and movie and TV soundtracks.” 8 Large portions of “Jubilant Drinking Song” were copied by Enigma into their worldwide popular “Return to Innocence” track. 4 Richard Roper reports that the song was “later included, without the Kuos’ knowledge, in an album titled ‘Chinese Folk Music Collection’ published by the Chinese Folk Art Foundation.” 5 According to Roper, some years later the Kuos’ original recording of “Jubilant Drinking Song” was then adapted in an album titled “Polyponies Vocales Des Aborigines De Taiwan” 6 produced in France. The sampled recording was likely made during 1978 or 1979. 3 The version on Enigma featured a sample from a recording by the Kuos’ “Jubilant Drinking Song,” sung a cappella. 2 The two singers were Kuo Ying-nan (7u, whose Amis name is called “Difang”) and Kuo Hsiuo-chu (ys, whose Amis name is called “Agay”). However, while people around the world were watching the Olympic Games, they had no idea that the song, “Return to Innocence,” was originally performed by an indigenous elderly couple from Taiwan. 1 The song reached millions of viewers and listeners worldwide. “Return to Innocence” was published by Enigma, a label of the Romanian-German producer Michael Cretu. The Amis are well known for their sophisticated multipart singing styles.ĭuring the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, the official song, “Return to Innocence,” included a sample of an Amis song with beautiful sonorous voices singing in the background. Most of the Amis people reside in the eastern valleys that lie between the two coastal cities, Hualien and Taitung. The Amis is the largest indigenous minority group among the twelve officially recognized aboriginal tribes in Taiwan.
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